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The History of WRTI

A Radio Documentary by Gerhart L. Klein

Written for RTF 235 - TV & Radio Writing

with Professor Delwin Dusenbury

December 1968

Copyright 1968, 1997 - Gerhart L. Klein

All rights reserved


CAST OF CHARACTERS

This script employs seven different voices. They are the narrator and six announcers. Ideally, the announcers should not be doubled up.

The NARRATOR should be a Charles Kurault type.
ANNOUNCER 1: YOUNG MAN, GOOD VOICE.
ANNOUNCER 2: SMOOTH, LISTENABLE DELIVERY.
ANNOUNCER 3: COLLEGE STUDENT ANNOUNCER.
ANNOUNCER 4: SAME, BUT BETTER QUALITY.
ANNOUNCER 5: HIGH QUALITY, PROFESSIONAL SOUNDING VOICE.
ANNOUNCER 6: AVERAGE QUALITY VOICE. TYPICAL BUSINESSMAN'S VOICE.

SCENE BREAKDOWN

Basically, the script is a continuous narration augmented by taped interviews. There is no strict breakdown of scenes, although the outline below delineates the topics mentioned. (SEE SUBJECT OUTLINE)

PRODUCTION NOTES

MUSIC may be chosen within the specifications outlined with each music cue.

SOUND -- All taped interviews are permanently stored in the WRTI-FM Archives in Annenberg Hall, Temple University. [Author's Note: This was in the original. Whether the tapes are still in Annenberg Hall, or even still in existence, is unknown.]

Depending on requirements of time length, more material may be added, or some deleted, where necessary.

SUBJECT OUTLINE


The Script

Copyright 1968, 1997 - Gerhart L. Klein

All rights reserved

(THE FOLLOWING ARE CROSSFADED AND BLENDED TO FORM A MONTAGE)
MUSIC: (LATE 1940's TYPE VOCAL, UP FOR 10 SECONDS)
ANNOUNCER 1: This is the WRTI Drama Workshop.
MUSIC: (DRAMA WORKSHOP THEME UP, UNDER, AND OUT
SOUND: CART #1 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW :20)
Even today, WRTI and Temple are the only studios in this entire Delaware Valley, with some forty stations and some four million population, that have the facilities for the production of sound dramas, or the sound pattern.
SOUND: CART #2 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :20)
We've always felt that you can learn radio best by doing it. So, you can teach a lot of theory in class, you can tell people how to broadcast, but the only way you can learn is the way you people are doing it here at WRTI...you've got to do it.
ANNOUNCER 2: WRTI presents "Evening Serenade."
MUSIC: (MANTOVANI INSTRUMENTAL)
SOUND: CART #3 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :10)
It was mainly popular music, but it wasn't rock and roll for a long time and then finally, the bars were let down. For my money, realistically.
MUSIC: (SHORT SELECTION OF PSYCHEDELIC ROCK, ABOUT 10 SECONDS.)
ANNOUNCER 3: This is WRTI, Campus Radio at Temple University.
ANNOUNCER 4: This is WRTI-FM, ninety-point-one in Philadelphia.
(END OF MONTAGE)
MUSIC: (DRUM ROLL, BUILDS TO FANFARE, UP AND UNDER.)
ANNOUNCER 5: The Definite Difference...
MUSIC: (UP, AND UNDER)
ANNOUNCER 5: The story of radio at Temple University...WRTI.
MUSIC: (UP, AND OUT.)
NARRATOR: Temple University, in Philadelphia, established a department of Radio in 1947 to teach aspiring young broadcasters the fundamentals of a rapidly growing industry.
SOUND: CART #4 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW, 2:10)
Roger Clipp, the general manager of WFIL at the time, became concerned that a lot of the people entering broadcasting were not well trained, they didn't know what their responsibilities were. And on one occasion, talking to the then president of Temple University, Dr. Robert L. Johnson, he said what we need in this country (and this became a philosophy of Temple) are people who are very responsible. You can't have either amateurs or charlatans in this business. If you're an amateur, you're not doing what's right by the audience; if you're a charlatan, you obviously aren't. It has to be people who are both responsible and top quality in talent, and he said this industry needs this kind of people, and WFIL said they would be very willing to develop some type of program by which this type of person could be trained.

WFIL made a grant of fifty-thousand dollars to Temple University to start a radio curriculum. I was here at the time, and the only radio man here, and in a sense I started the curriculum. From this, we began to hire other faculty members, and so the department grew. But this is how it started. Once the curriculum was started, we built studios, which were regular broadcast studios, to teach in. Then, I thought it was not enough just to sit in class, we have to practice, we have to keep the students practicing and doing this. So we began to think how we could have a station of our own. There were no A.M. channels available, you couldn't go on A.M. radio; at that time F.M. was not very well developed, hardly heard of... as a matter of fact, there were no listeners to F.M. So where could we get a radio station that students could broadcast on? And I finally hit upon the idea of the "wired-wireless." This is ideal in many ways. It is ideal because not too many people hear it. That's a great asset because you can make mistakes, you can afford to be an amateur, you can afford to learn.

NARRATOR: That was Professor John B. Roberts, the man who founded WRTI.
SOUND: CART #5 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :20)
Actually, WRTI started in l948. We began our curriculum early in 1948. By the end of 1948, we felt that it would be desirable to have some kind of a radio station, and at this point we followed up a lead by a couple of young fellows at Brown University who had built a wired-wireless station.
NARRATOR: The "wired-wireless" system Professor Roberts referred to is known today as "carrier current" radio. It is a system where the radio station connects its transmitter to the electric power system of a building. All the electric circuits in that building then act as radiating antennae.

The first day of broadcasting for the little wired-wireless WRTI was an exciting one. Professor Roberts describes the events of that day.

SOUND: CART #6 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :20)
The very first program was sort of "What God hath wrought." I can remeber today the very first program that ever happened. We got our transmitter in one of the girls' dormitories, and on the day we put our first broadcast on, the transitter went on and Stan Eisenberg, our first station manager, stood at the microphone and said, "Can you hear me?" And Dottie Anne Kelly ran down to the girls' dormitory, and when the word finally came through, she came running back breathless to say, "I heard it, I heard it!"
NARRATOR: WRTI was a pioneer in college radio. In l949, the Federal Communications Commission was investigating a proposal to limit the operation of low power college radio stations. Using WRTI as his example, Professor Roberts submitted this statement to the FCC
SOUND: CART #7 (F.C.C. BRIEF-ROBERTS :20)
The Radio department of the University believed that courses built upon theoretical discussions alone were insufficient, that students must have practical opportunity in day-to-day broadcasting to master techniques of radio and to develop their talents fullest. A complete replica of actual broadcast conditions is possible through the use of the "wired-wireless" system. No other facility offers such complete possibilities for student training in radio.
NARRATOR: Professor Roberts wasn't the only one who felt that WRTI provided valuable experience. Consider this letter from the manager of radio station WTEL.
ANNOUNCER 6: These wired-wireless stations are producing a higher class of graduates than are those without such facilities, due principally to the practical training aspect of the course. In this connection, we would like to point out that we have in our employ a young engineer whose capabilities we consider above the average, and who is a graduate of the Temple University Radio School.
MUSIC: (UPTEMPO INSTRUMENTAL BRIDGE UP AND OUT.)
ANNOUNCER 3: This is the Philadelphia Inquirer Collegiate Network.
NARRATOR: On February fifth, l949, representatives of the University of Pennsylvania's WXPN, Swarthmore's WSRN, and Temple's WRTI met at Temple and formed the Philadelphia Inquirer Collegiate Network.
SOUND: CART #8 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW 1:45)
So here, 2 or 3 years after we founded WRTI, we realized that we had the best facilities around, better than Penn, better than Swarthmore, we had the best students, and yet we had no audience; not because they didn't deserve an audience, but because our transmitter had to be such that we couldn't go too far.

At the University of Pennsylvania, they had more students in the dorm than we did. At Swarthmore, they have a campus which is out in the country, they have a "campus." They have more audience than we do.

So the thought occurred to us, suppose we linked all of these just like a network, and we broadcast from Temple and they can hear us at Penn and hear us at Swarthmore, and as you know, a network is simply a connection of telephone lines, linking the respective transmitters together. So, I got in touch with the University of Pennsylvania and Swarthmore and they expressed an interest, but we had to get the money to get a line, so we invited our old friend Roger Clipp down for lunch.

He thought it was a nice idea, so he agreed to underwrite it. So we linked the stations together...our students are here during the day, so we took over all the daytime broadcasting. The University of Pennsylvania took over in the early evening and the Swarthmore students took over at night. And all of us carried everybody's broadcasts.

And so, the Philadelphia Inquirer, since the money came from the Inquirer (Triangle Publications), network was born, and since these were not educational stations, they could even have commercials on this type of thing.

NARRATOR: The network not only provided a variety of programming and larger audience for each station, but it also made possible some unique broadcasting situations.
SOUND: CART #9 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :40)
Using this line we had to Penn, we used to have debates... our college debate team debated the University of Pennsylvania. The Penn debaters met in the WXPN studios, our debaters met up here, so our man would give the speech on the line and we'd send it down to Penn and they'd broadcast that. Then their man would speak, and they'd send it over us, and we'd broadcast their part. So we would have debates without the debaters ever meeting each other, and they would come, each give their speeches, and cross examination sort of thing. All of which gave us the type of network experience that you get if you work for NBC, ABC, or CBS.
NARRATOR: The Philadelphia Inquirer Collegiate network lasted for only two years, from 1950 to 1952.
SOUND: CART #10 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :20)
Our goal was to increase the audience for our station, and by this time we had discovered FM, and I had filed an application for FM and when we saw that this was coming through, it was no longer quite so serious a matter to have this network to provide an audience.
NARRATOR: Another early affiliation WRTI made was with the Intercollegiate Broadcast System, a national association of college stations. WRTI's association with IBS was short, though, because of the calibre of IBS programming. WRTI was shortly putting in more and better programs than it was receiving.

Although established primarily as a student experience, WRTI also served the campus as a source of entertainment. Professor Roberts...

SOUND: CART #11 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :20)
In terms of music, we have followed, I think, the fads of the time. Students obviously, on an AM station, must consider what the fellows and girls in the dorms like, particularly on AM because they want to play the popular music of the time. I think this is desirable.
MUSIC: (MANTOVANI INSTRUMENTAL, UP AND UNDER.)
NARRATOR: WRTI-AM programming began as classical and easy-listening music. Later the FM station took these areas and AM began playing the popular music of the day.
MUSIC: (SEGUE FROM MANTOVANI TO A FRANK SINATRA VOCAL, THEN...)
MUSIC: (SEGUE TO A PSYCHEDELIC ROCK SELECTION, UNDER AND OUT.)
NARRATOR: WRTI-AM programming has varied, conforming to the tastes of contemporary college youth.

FM's programming remains widely varied. Each day sees segments of Popular music, Broadway and classical music, and even special interest music, like jazz, blues, country and western, and even psychedelic. WRTI-FM is not all music, though. It's quite "liberal."

SOUND: CART #12 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :10)
Programming is more liberal in the sense of liberal arts... not just music and news and an occasional interview.
NARRATOR: Dr. Laurence Blenheim, faculty advisor to WRTI from 1960 to 1968.
SOUND: CART #13 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :25)
Well, I think programming changed from the standpoint mostly of having more diversity, because we had people with more diverse backgrounds. They were not just people who were strictly interested in performing as announcers or newsmen, but when you get people, for example, from the political science department to come in and talk about politics, and taxes, and elections and things of this kind.

And when you get people from the faculty to come in and talk about their own research (which we did).

NARRATOR: The studios for WRTI were built in the basement of Thomas Hall, a renovated church at Park Avenue and Norris Street on the Temple Campus.
SOUND: CART #13a (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :15)
The studios in Thomas hall are the original studios, and when they were built, they were just about the best in the country. The equipment in there was all first rate, in other words, it was all expensive, fine quality RCA equipment.
NARRATOR: Of course, one of the basic purposes for the studios in Thomas Hall was the production of radio dramas, in conjunction with the radio curriculum.
SOUND: CART #14 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW :40)
Believe it or not, we, instead of having taped laboratories, had live laboratories. The class would meet at twelve-thirty for the lecture, as it does now, but they also knew that at three o'clock on Monday afternoon, Radio l55 went on the air, live, with no taping.
NARRATOR: That's Dr. Delwin Dusenbury, whe was in charge of radio drama at WRTI.
SOUND: CART #15 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW :35)
Instead of my taking a tape home and listening to it to evaluate it, I would turn on my radio and listen to the program from my office, to see how they got the program on the air, whether it ran short, how things would work out.
SOUND: CART #16 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :15)
On WRTI, there was more live broadcasting, more new, fresh, non-recorded broadcasting than in any radio station in the city of Philadelphia. To some extent, that's still true today.
NARRATOR: Of course, the production of live dramas could produce some very interesting situations. Again, Dr. Dusenbury...
SOUND: CART #17 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW :35)
I don't think there was a show, for example, where there wasn't some sort of flub, or, we used to have the Order of the Boom. This was for the actress who unsuspectingly could walk around the boom mike and, CLUNK, would hit her in the head at the weighted end. And we used to give that at the end of the year, the Order of the Boom.

Of course, you can go on and on, there's story after story of the funny things that have happened.

MUSIC: (SERIOUS, BUT NOT NECESSARILY SLOW, BRIDGE.)
NARRATOR: In 1953, Professor Roberts applied for, and obtained an FM station license for Temple University. The more talented students "graduated", so to speak, from AM to FM. Professor Roberts explains.
SOUND: CART #18 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :15)
The FM station is something where you can't make mistakes and so as we got better, we got the idea that we should have something where we have a bigger audience to keep the inspiration going.
NARRATOR: And Dr. Blenheim....
SOUND: CART #l9 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :15)
One of the major functions of both was training. Added to that, of course, FM had the function to provide programs in the public interest because it is "open circuit." But still, there is the underlying common denominator of both stations of training... it's almost total with AM, I guess.
NARRATOR: Both WRTI AM and WRTI FM shared the facilities in Thomas Hall. Each station had its own control room and announcing studios. In addition, they shared two large production studios, "A" and "B," with the radio production classes.

Visitors and guest celebrities have always been part and parcel of WRTI's programs, as well.

SOUND: CART #20 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :10)
We had probably some of the most distinguished people in the United States, including President Harry Truman. Truman stopped by, and within five minutes Harry Truman was broadcasting on WRTI.
NARRATOR: Consider this experience, related by Dr. Dusenbury.
SOUND: CART #21 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW 2:10)
I think, when I look back on the program that we originated in the 'RTI studios, of having guests, such as, in one case, Karl Malden who had just made the movie "Pollyanna." Actually, an 'RTI person was interviewing Malden in Studio A. We were in Studio B with a Studio Schoolhouse program called "Fun with Rhythm"... a live program using schoolchildren from various schools in the area. There they all were; five, six, seven years old and they could see through the glass window from Studio B into Studio A, and there sat Karl Malden. Well, their eyes just popped. I could see that their eyes were popping, and I knew we weren't going to get any program out of them as long as Karl Malden was there, 'cause they were all talking about him and the part he played in "Pollyanna," another famous Walt Disney saccharine creation.

But anyway, I took a break and rushed around to Studio A and I asked Mr. Malden, I said, "Would you mind, I know you're on a busy schedule (and his press representative was there to take him right into town) do you suppose that you could just come over and say hello to these youngsters?" 'Well, you would think I had brought Santa Claus into the studio, because there was Malden, and they sang to him, while he just sat down for the next 15 to 20 minutes. He and these youngsters just conversed back and forth.

I don't think we had that same rapport when Jimmy Hoffa was in the next studio.

SOUND: CART #22 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :35)
You had to be aware of WRTI... because Harry Truman was on WRTI... Joe Braddock is walking up the campus to go to WRTI... Senator Clark is walking up the campus saying, "Is this the way to WRTI?"

And we did many programs live from the dressing rooms of the theaters downtown.

So, we had a very distinguished list, as a matter of fact, in any one year, the list you would have would compare favorably with the finest television stations in Philadelphia.

NARRATOR: Because WRTI is staffed by students, there has always been a need for a "faculty advisor," a person to whom the students can come for guidance and instruction. The first was the founder of WRTI, Professor John Roberts.
SOUND: CART #23 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :45)
I was the faculty advisor for WRTI from the time it was born, and then later when we got FM, I stayed with it until about 1954. Of course, in the beginning, I was the head of the whole program, and I did this in addition. Later, we brought in a young man by the name of Berwin Collantine. He was a charming, easygoing fellow. He took over for a while. Then later, Mr. Seibel, who is now in charge of our ITV unit, joined us, and Mr. Collantine went away to get a Ph.D., and did not come back to us. Mr. Seibel continued until Professor Blenheim joined us... then Professor Blenheim took over, and of course now, just this year, Mr. Kassi has taken over.
NARRATOR: The task of a faculty advisor is a delicate one, as Dr. Blenheim explains.
SOUND: CART #24 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :30)
When I came here, Mr. Seibel was the person who had been the faculty advisor. It seems to be, historically, I imagine, that when each person has his turn being faculty advisor (which Mr. Roberts was at one time, of course) then the other original members of the faculty have, at best, a tangential relationship.

For example, this year when Mr. Kassi took over, I thought the best thing I could do, the biggest favor I could do for him was to make myself scarce... which I have done.

NARRATOR: What about the students? What kind of student has WRTI attracted? Again, Dr. Blenheim...
SOUND: CART #25 (BLENHEIM INTERVIEW :50)
The people down here will be the ones who, I think will be doing things in the industry. The guy who has a facility like this and doesn't take advantage of it... I can't help but think, or wonder if he's really serious about broadcasting. I would think he'd be down here every chance he had. I have no figures to back it up, but I bet you people who come down here are the ones who get the jobs in broadcasting, and who have the motivation and drive to get ahead. I think you get fewer people from WRTI who, with a few days left before graduation, come into your office and say, "I don't know what I want to do---what do I do now? I don't even know how to get a job." I think you find that the people here have the motivation, the energy, the drive, and so on that it takes to go out and get your better jobs. They'll knock on doors, they have more confidence in understanding how this thing works, that stands them in good stead.
SOUND: CART #26 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :10)
Our most successful graduates are those people who have been station managers of 'RTI, or who have worked on 'RTI.
MUSIC: (BRIDGE -- TRIUMPHANT "MARCH OF TIME" TYPE, UP AND UNDER, HOLD BRIEFLY BEFORE FADING OUT.)
NARRATOR: WRTI has had several important landmarks in its history. The first, of course, was its founding in 1948. Then there was the founding of WRTI-FM in 1954, and it growth from 10 to 790 watts in 1958. And then, in 1968... Annenberg Hall. Located only half a block away from Thomas Hall, at 13th and Norris Streets, Annenberg Hall is a modern communications complex made possible, in part, by a grant from the M.L. Annenberg Foundation, an important force in the communications industry in Philadelphia.

The WRTI studios, whose initial cost alone was two-hundred thousand dollars, occupy one entire wing of Annenberg Hall.

SOUND: CART #27 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :40)
The facility in which you now sit is superior not only to every college station in the country, every one, there's no college station that has what you have here right now; none in the country, although some have bigger transmitters. And, there is now no facility anywhere in the country which has equipment comparable to this, and 99 percent of the commercial stations do not have comparable facilities, including WNBC, key headquarters for the NBC network, in New York.
NARRATOR: The future looks even better for WRTI in Annenberg Hall. Plans include a new, more powerful transmitter for stereo broadcasting, a larger antenna and a more effective antenna location.

Annenberg Hall signals in a new era in WRTI's history. It is to be an era of greater professionalism and more involvement with the student, with the industry, and with the community.

The new faculty advisor, Robert Kassi explains the scope of this new era.

SOUND: CART #28 (KASSI INTERVIEW :20)
It's an attempt to make WRTI heard by the University and by the community, and to make it an active part of community affairs. This is the only way WRTI, or any station for that matter, can really live up to its obligation to serve the public.

Part of this new involvement is embodied in our slogan, "At WRTI, there is a definite difference."

NARRATOR: Still, the basic, and original, purpose of WRTI hasn't changed. Professor Roberts reminds us.
SOUND: CART #29 (ROBERTS INTERVIEW :30)
The goal of all broadcasting on an educational station, a station such as ours, a training station, is to look ahead to your growth. The goal of a professor or someone guiding a station like this is not to entertain you, but to educate you. And to say, what will happen to you as you grow older, what will happen to our world as we grow older, and can I encourage these people to start looking for something which is better?
NARRATOR: But is there any room left for a station like WRTI in a world of commercialization, competition, and mass audience appeal? Dr. Dusenbury said it best.
SOUND: CART #30 (DUSENBURY INTERVIEW :45)
In the forties, during the Golden Age of Radio, when we had maybe 800 radio stations, we felt that now we had reached the absolute, and then with television, this was going to be the end of radio. Today, we have over three thousand radio stations, and let's say that the majority of them are operating in the black. In other words, despite the competition of television, radio has not only survived, but it has grown, and we certainly recognize that the field of broadcasting has not reached its limit by any means.
NARRATOR: And now, WRTI is prepared to turn its back to the past and start off in search of the new horizons.
MUSIC: (TRIUMPHANT THEME, SNEAK IN AT WORD PAST, THEN BRING UP FULL. FADE FOR CREDITS, BRING UP FULL TO END.)
ANNOUNCER 5: The Definite Difference.. .the story of WRTI.

We wish to acknowledge the gracious cooperation of the following, in making this program possible:

Professors John Roberts, Delwin Dusenbury and Laurence Blenheim. Also Mr. Robert Kassi, and the School of Communications and Theater of Temple University.

The Definite Difference was written for WRTI by Gerhart Klein.

This is _______________ speaking.

MUSIC: (THEME UP FULL TO END.)


SOURCES

All information contained in this documentary was obtained from interviews conducted with those persons who appeared in this script, viz. Professors Roberts, Dusenbury, and Blenheim, and Mr. Kassi, of the School of Communications and Theater of Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These interviews are permanently stored in the WRTI FM Archives in Annenberg Hall. [Author's Note: This was in the original. Whether the tapes are still in Annenberg Hall, or even still in existence, is unknown.]

Gerhart L. Klein - 12/68


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